Classification Of Forests By Functions Environmental Sciences Essay

Forests play a critical function in the development and in guaranting environmental sustainability of the state. Besides providing wood merchandises for economic development, woods besides contribute significantly to cut downing inundation and storm amendss by keeping and chairing H2O flows, providing H2O for production and support activities, extenuating erodings, landslides, and bring forthing hydroelectricity. Forests besides heighten clime control, conserve biodiversity and familial resources, and supply chances for eco-tourism and out-of-door diversion. Forests besides hold a important portion in the Earth ‘s clime by absorbing and hive awaying C – therefore cut downing planetary heating. Franklin D. Roosevelt, one of the greatest work forces in the US history has said: â€Å" A state that destroys its dirts destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, sublimating the air and giving fresh strength to our people † . In Viet Nam, a state that the bulk of population still depends on agribusiness, forestry significantly contributes to sustainable, economic growing, stabilisation of society. However, as the state grows economically, the demand for forestry additions quickly, therefore influences the biodiversity every bit good as the ecosystem. This essay will show the function of wood in Vietnam, so travel on to the categorization of wood and eventually illustrate key issues that impacting woods and forestry.Discussion of findingsFunctions of woodsAs the natural woods are greatly of import to the state, the functions of woods in Vietnam are shown in assorted facets. Forests are beginning of nutrient. In many parts of the state, particularly some distant countries, woods play an of import portion in human nutrient supply. Human nutrient from woods can be classified into 2 chief groups: workss and animate beings origin. The group of workss includes gathered fruits, seed, foliages and mushroom. Because of the natural growing, workss nutrients are wholly fresh and incorporate a high degree of foods such as saccharides, fructose and other micronutrients, vitamins and minerals, for case ( Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department 1996 ) . In some instances, seeds or olives and palm fruits can be pressed to bring forth vegetable oils, which is highly healthy for human by incorporating a big figure of Calories and no cholesterin ( Simpson & A ; Ogorzaly 1995, p.315 ) . The 2nd group, carnal nutrients, includes insects, larvae and hunted animate beings. Forests are beginning of medical specialty: Since the early age of human history, workss have been proved to be particularly utile for handling diseases. Many remedies for black diseases were originated from workss ( Simpson & A ; Ogorzaly 1995, p.376 ) . These yearss in Vietnam, wild workss are still considered as the chief medicative beginning for pharmaceutical industry. It is possible in the close hereafter that more utile botanical drugs, will be found as different workss are tested ( Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department 1996 ) . Forests are the chief stuff beginnings. In Vietnam, forests hold an indispensable portion in providing stuff for human. Wood harvested from plantations is the chief stuff beginning for edifice houses and bring forthing domestic equipment. Forests besides provide natural stock for forest merchandise processing industry and firewood for dependent cultural minorities in cragged countries ( Tien & A ; Thong 2008 ) . Forests protect home grounds. Forests provide shelter for human life and wildlife. They have an highly ecological map with the environment. Forests significantly take portion in doing the clime equable, minimising negative effects of inundations and battling eroding. Harmonizing to Tien & A ; Thong ( 2008 ) , forest ‘s part in keeping the stableness and birthrate of land dirt is undeniable. It is estimated that the sum of dirt eroding where close woods are available is equal to merely 10 % of those topographic points without woods. Forests provide relaxation and amusement: with fresh air and a cool atmosphere, woods are perfects finishs for those seeking for peaceable topographic points to loosen up in holidaies, avoiding pollution and bad effects from noisy urban countries ( Tien and Thong 2008 ) . Coastal protection: woods contribute to protect the state ‘s sea seashore, particularly mangrove woods. They are really utile for screening moving ridges, air current, storms and sea invasion. Many studies about function of woods in the defence against tsunami have been done after the atrocious tsunami in December 26th, 2004 caused the decease of 100s of 1000s people in assorted states in Asia and Africa. Shuto ( 1987, cited in Latief and Hadi 2007 ) said that: Forests may cut down tsunami impact and asserted that a wood is effectual for several grounds: 1 ) it stops driftwood and other jetsam ; 2 ) it reduces H2O flow speed and flood deepness ; 3 ) it provides a life-saving trap for people swept off land by a tsunami run-down ; and 4 ) it amasses wind-blown sand and create dunes, which serve as a natural barriers against tsunamis. Forests play an of import function in C segregation and storage. Forests contribute unusually to cut down the heating of the Earth and life environment. Forests provide the indispensable environmental universe service of recycling C dioxide into O. 40 per centum of the O is produced in tropical rain woods ( Boland 2009 ) . In other word, they are â€Å" Lungs of the Planet † . This map besides evidently belongs to natural woods in Vietnam. Therefore, forest loss could do unexpected alterations in the ambiance and natural catastrophes. Forests contribute to the society: forestry creates occupations for Vietnamese, particularly for people in rural and cragged countries. In recent old ages, the development of ecological touristry besides contributes to lifting income degree for local people and cut downing poorness ( Tien & A ; Thong 2008 ) .2.2. Categorization of woods by mapsEntire land country that the Government planned for forestry is 16.24 million hectares. It is divided into 3 forest classs. Special-use wood: the land planned for development of special-use woods is 2.199.342 hectares, which accounts for 13.5 % of the entire country. Special-use wood has been identified in order to continue nature, protect species of the forest ecosystem and conserve cistron beginnings. It besides provides for research, protects historical and cultural relics and caters for remainder, diversion and touristry. Harmonizing to Vietnam Administration of Forestry 2011, special-use wood is a combination of National Parks, Nature preservation countries, Landscape protection countries and scientific experimental and research countries. Protection woods: the land planned for protection woods is 4.832.962 hectares, which makes up 37 % of the entire country. Protection woods, which are chiefly planned to protect and modulate H2O resources, contribute significantly in the procedures of protect dirt, prevent eroding, limit natural catastrophes, moderate the clime and guarantee the ecological balance and environmental security. There are 4 chief types of protection woods: watershed protection forest, air current and sand interruptions forest, wave breaks protection forest, protection wood for ecology and landscapes. Production woods: the land planned histories for the bulk of entire country with 8,495,823 hectares, which is tantamount to 52.3 % . Production forests chiefly serve the intent of bring forthing both timber and non-timber wood merchandises for the market and at the same clip to protect the environment and continue the ecological balance ( Vietnam Administration of Forestry 2011 ) .2.3. Key issuesVietnam forestry is confronting up several issues. Harmonizing to Coe 2005, forest coverage in Vietnam has fallen 29 % over the last 60 old ages. Pressure on land and wood merchandises is increasing due to the development of agribusiness and the growing of population ( Raven, Evert & A ; Eichorn 1992, p.698 ) . Meanwhile the job of feeding people in cragged countries is highly difficult to work out because of the deficiency of agricultural land and free population motion. Deforestation for agricultural productiveness every bit good as lumber exports has led to serious jobs. The biodiversity o f natural wood is diminishing as a effect. Vietnamese Government had taken some action against deforestation and it seemed to hold brought some consequence. From 1993, the sum of lumber cut down illicitly was strongly minimized ( Hill 1997 ) . However, there are still a scope of jobs presents. Forest direction is non united and sustainable. The figure and the ability of forest officers do non run into the demands. Therefore, in some parts of the state, deforestation for illegal lumber exports is still out of the control. In recent old ages, forestry has made some accomplishment but its part to GDP is still really little. Forestry has non efficaciously helped people cut down poorness because the income of people working in this field is extremely unstable. Most of the workers in this field come from distant countries. Their lives can non be wholly dependent on the forestry. Meanwhile, the engineering is non developed plenty to run into the demands. The available methods to utilize 1000000s hectares of natural wood are limited. As a consequence, it could non convey the income to local people ( Forest Science Institute of Vietnam 2009 ) .DecisionVietnam National Forest contributes greatly to environment protection, land care, eroding control, inundation decrease and supplying home ground for wildlife. Meanwhile, forestry and forest merchandise processing industry holds an indispensable portion in the national economic system. In recent old ages, Government ‘s policies to better forestry and protec t natural woods have made some alterations. The consequences show in the addition of forest coverage and accomplishment of merchandise processing industry. However, there are still several jobs such as deforestation and force per unit area on land and wood merchandises. It is extremely pressing for the Government to happen effectual solutions to work out the state of affairs and heighten the forestry of Vietnam.Word count: 1508

Mr. Franklin and mr. Lyndon discuss the virtuous life.

Dear Son, It is with great pleasure and gratitude for your most recent missive, received this third day of October, that I must write at once in the hope of conveying the most unusual and perhaps enlightening conversation I entertained last evening at the home of one, Mr. Charles B. Lyndon, of Concord and New York, though how Mr. Lyndon explains the bifurcation of his very self leads me to wonder if he might be a Papist in Puritan woolens, given the Roman belief in the bi-location of their many saints.Suffice it to say such thoughts of sainthood and the conduct precedent to such an exalted (dare I say, unenlightened) station stands within this correspondence very close to the topic we held under discussion at the wide oak table in Mr. Lyndon’s kitchen, accompanied by his daughter, Elizabeth, on the retirement of his wife, Matilda. Mr. Lyndon and I and his daughter (Mr.Lyndon being a progressive soul in many ways, who saw no reason why his daughter should not be included in our after-dinner discussion, though of course she was not allowed to smoke tobacco) set about like Socrates’ devotees with the proposition stated admirably by my host that the virtuous life is one that can be lived (though his exact word was the imprecise â€Å"attained’) with an exercise of constant vigilance, diligence and hard, hard work.Far be it from me to openly argue with a host whose very wife had fed me so well, yet I was struck so with the open and apparent inconsistency and contradiction hidden in plain sight, that I rose from my chair, walked about the kitchen with my hands behind my back, leaned into the table, lowered myself so that my face rested like a balloon on a string but a few inches from Mr. Lyndon’s nose and, with the boldness that has served me so well in life, despite a ruffled feather here or there, I uttered the expletive †balderdash,† and re-took my seat.Mr. Lyndon’s daughter, the plain but intelligent Elizabeth, held her hand to her lips as her father nearly sputtered his surprise, though without displeasure. Perhaps he believes us to be better acquainted than we are and relies upon that familiarity, real or apparent, to afford him the easier avenue of good humor rather than the more difficult and adversarial stance taken on by the lightly insulted. â€Å"Your reasoning, Mr.Franklin,† he said, the question implicit in the salutation, and I set about framing my argument as one sets about building a house that will withstand summer’s heat and winter’s cold. â€Å"Are you a Papist, Mr. Lyndon,† I asked, and he sat back, again surprised if not outright offended, and replied, â€Å"No, sir. You know that I am a member of the First Congregational Church of Lexington, and a proud member at that. † â€Å"Then Mr.Lyndon,† I said, â€Å"Insofar as you and your loved ones are members in good standing in a church that clearly subscribes to the enlightened and refo rmative principles of the Great Reformation, which find their genesis in the theology of the late German monk, and his revolutionary reading of Paul’s Letter to the †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I hesitated on purpose. â€Å"Romans,† Elizabeth said which afforded me a desired alliance in the middle-game of our discussion. â€Å"Yes, Romans it is,† I said, continuing on, preparing my lance for the final assault on the citadel of proud humanism’s excesses, â€Å"Then, Mr.Lyndon, my fine host, how can you say in the face of Luther’s doctrine of salvation by faith and not by works that the road to virtue is the one set down by laborers, sweating their earth-bound bodies in some vain attempt, like the ancients of Babel, to obtain some blessed state by dint of human, and therefore ultimately corruptible effort. † Mr. Lyndon sat back in his chair, while his daughter’s eyes, tawny with candlelight did not leave me. Only silence was our companion, silence an d from time to time a brush of the wind through trees bare and dressed only with autumn’s wind.â€Å"Then, my good friend,† Mr. Lyndon rejoined in sur-reply, â€Å"allowing for the theology of two hundred years or more, drafted by a man who died with a legacy of troubles, if not shame, how do you suggest that one live a virtuous life?. † I told him that he was a brilliant host and that his generosity was only matched by his daughter’s considerable beauty and that having been the beneficiary of his kindness, his wife’s cooking and his daughter’s fond company, I would set forth my findings as follows.Virtues are but the white angels who sit across the balance of the more popular and burned umber of the seven deadly sins: Pride, Envy, Anger, Lust, Avarice, Gluttony and Sloth. I said that although we who admit to some belief, the nature, width and depth thereof known to no one, not even ourselves, despite all proclamations to the contrary, are b y reason of our fallen natures, far more conversant with the left handed path of the more exotic predispositions to sin than we are to the more rigorous climbs to virtue.Therefore, to live the virtuous life one must enter the realms of gold through the back door known well to God’s most humble servants and on the occasion of our entrance argue that we were not so much virtuous in this life, poor vessels of grace doled out by an often chary God, as we were masters of avoidance, such that despite the siren call of experience and its joys, real or false, lasting or short-lived, the measure of our virtue can only be assessed by the evil we did not do, rather than by the good we tried to do.â€Å"That is wrong,† Mr. Lyndon said. â€Å"Truly you don’t mean that, Mr. Franklin. † â€Å"Perhaps not, Mr. Lyndon,† I said, â€Å"and yet between the two alternatives well framed by this enjoyable discussion, I will opt for that statement which sounds in humilit y concerning the struggle not to sin, rather than swab these meaty arms with the subtle and oily brush of pride that accompanies all claims to virtue. † Yours Very Truly, Father I read a good deal of Franklin’s writing out loud and allowed the â€Å"ear† to do the work of imitation.Any comedian will tell you the ear is the agent of mimicry. Sight, i. e. , analysis is a distant second. I tried to visualize an 18th century candlelit evening, after dinner, and then listened to the voices of the â€Å"actors† as they discussed with all the benevolence (real or not) and grace of sitting congressmen an issue on which they disagreed. I set it in the form of a letter so as to afford Franklin an ironic point of view.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Saas Free Samples for Students

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Was the foreign policy of the Bush administration driven by fears of Essay

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Answer the problem - Research Paper Example In this paper, I try and provide an analysis about how Hobbes would have viewed the problem arising out of Iranian nuclear ambitions from both the western as well as Iranian perspectives. This is necessary because of the fact that the Leviathan was composed mainly as a treatise on the role of the state and the international system being bound by commonly accepted norms of behavior and conduct. As the following quote from one of the respected commentators on Foreign Policy shows, â€Å"The misrulers of Iran claim inspiration from the Qur’an and other Islamic sources, as well as Plato’s concept of the â€Å"philosopher-king.† But it now seems they are inspired by a more recent Western thinker, Thomas Hobbes. In his classic on the state, Leviathan, Hobbes wrote, â€Å"the aim of punishment is not revenge, but terror.† The Iranian government takes Hobbes as their guide for maintaining the Ayatollahs’ Leviathan in power.† (Hasani, 2010). Hence it is apparent that Hobbes’ definition of the purposes for which a state must exist has been twisted to fit the arguments of both the sides. From the Iranian perspective, however loathsome the idea of a Nuclear Iran might be to Western nations, the fact that Hobbes proclaimed that punishment can take the form of terror as well as revenge means that the Iranian state is using the nuclear status as an alibi to terrorize the west into accepting their demands. This in itself makes for a rather poor reading of Hobbes The argument for the West runs something like this, â€Å"First and foremost, however, a stable Middle Eastern order requires a Leviathan--a power, that is, capable of disciplining all warring parties.† (Doran, 2006) This is the grand strategy that the US and its allies must be pursuing in the Middle East. The idea to restrain Iran from acquiring Nuclear weapons is to be seen in this context of a strong Western presence in the volatile Middle East

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Toyota Promotion Essay The promotional marketing aspect of Toyota is by far one of the major keys to success of the entire organization. It is so critical to Toyota that they recently spent a total of $2. 86 billion in advertising expenses, which ranks them at number six in the world for the highest advertising budget (Evans, 2011). The message is clear for Toyota. Their new organizational goal and slogan is â€Å"Moving Forward. † That is exactly their plan in the upcoming years for being right on the heels of top automakers General Motors and Ford Motor Company. To achieve this goal, the primary aspect of the organization is to get their promotional marketing out through advertising, personal selling, offering sales promotions, and being involved in publicity. Toyota spends a significant amount of money on advertising to convey their message clearly. The company plans to move forward, surpassing other automakers to claim the number one spot, by producing vehicles that are fuel efficient, reliable, affordable, and practical. One of the best examples in their product line is the Toyota Corolla. The target market for this vehicle is rather perplexed or simply genius. Rather than targeting a specific target market, this vehicle is designed for the needs of many consumers including families, college students, and professionals. But the real question here is how to target several consumers in different areas? The answer is by advertising everywhere possible. Toyota advertisements can be found just about everywhere including primetime television, popular radio stations, newspapers, magazines, internet banners, billboards, sporting events, sponsorships, and any of their cars driving down the road. Although the cost of advertising may seem like a big number, Toyota considers it a necessary commodity for achieving the number one auto manufacturer in the world. The only way to purchase a Toyota product is through a sales consultant at a certified retail outlet and is the reason why personal selling is a critical part to the overall success of the organization. This concept is a huge benefit for Toyota’s volume because a sales consultant has the ability to influence and persuade a consumer into making a uniformed and educated decision on their product. The biggest benefit for a sales consultant is the ability to offer a test drive which creates value and ownership in a consumer’s mind to the actual product they desire. In addition, this interaction builds a relationship and allows the consumer to get direct feedback quickly and professionally to any questions they may have. Since personal selling is a critical part to consumer purchasing, Toyota ensures that their sales consultants are highly motivated, trained, and professional. In fact, a requirement for employment as a Toyota sales consultant is to actively complete sales/ product knowledge training through their virtual online Toyota University. If a sales consultant fails to meet these standards, then they are welcomed to stay in sales but just not with Toyota Motor Company. Furthermore, sales consultants are also judged on a customer satisfaction index or survey which every new Toyota owner receives. The sales consultant is expected to provide superior customer service and is awarded financially for doing so. Sales promotions are the best way to capture the interest of a consumer. Not only does Toyota advertise their Corolla as a dependable, fuel efficient vehicle, but when they do they also include several incentives or sales promotions to interest the consumer in the product. The main goal of these advertisements is to get consumers into the retail outlets to meet with a sales consultant. According to Toyota. com, current incentives on a 2012 Toyota Corolla include combined rebates up to $2,000 and also 0% financing for up to 60 months. The idea is for the consumer to perceive the ability to take an additional $2,000 off the manufacturers suggested retail price and finance the vehicle for free at an affordable payment. In addition, a significant portion of consumers like to lease their vehicles and the current promotion on a brand new Corolla is only $149/ month with minimal cash due at signing. Going back to the target market and using an incentive as an example, a $500 rebate is included for any consumer who is trading a non-Toyota product. The goal of this incentive is to persuade consumers into considering Toyota and ultimately creating a bigger market share for the Toyota brand. Finally, where Toyota is spending a significant amount of their advertising is on their complimentary maintenance plan with roadside assistance for two years called Toyota Care that is available on any model they offer. Right now Toyota is the only brand offering this benefit and the promotion adds value to any prospective consumer (Toyota. com). Toyota admires the community and takes a part in publicity. Another avenue of marketing is to get the brand name out there in a casual but attention grabbing fashion. One way Toyota does this is by sponsoring the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. Any event that takes place at this state-of-the-art facility has Toyota’s name tattooed all over it. The name Toyota not only appears on the side of the building, but also on ticket stubs, apparel, and broadcastings. This marketing approach gets out to huge live audiences who come to see big acts like Lady Gaga, Madonna, and the 2013 NBA all-star game. Another recent approach Toyota has taken is an event called the Tundra Endeavor Challenge. On October 13, 2012, the Toyota Motor Company will try to stun the world when their Toyota Tundra stock model attempts to tow the space shuttle Endeavor to its new location at the California Science Center in Los Angeles, CA. The shuttle and apparatus will weigh almost 300,000 pounds! The event is supposed to attract thousands of people and if done successfully, the Toyota Motor Company will have a very intuitive marketing accomplishment (Toyota. com) It is obvious that Toyota sees the promotional marketing aspect of the organization as a major key for success. In conclusion, the ultimate goal in moving forward is to get the Toyota brand name out there in a unique fashion. The goal is to provide the best products for the best value and with the best customer service. The foundation of the promotional marketing for Toyota relies on advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, and publicity.

Marketing Essay Example for Free

Marketing Essay Crispy Crunch’s main problem is that they haven’t advertised their product in many years. Since then the target market has changed a lot and has a very high multi-tasking behaviour. It is hard to pin point the exact needs and wants of this culture anymore except for one thing, they are all very technologically routed. With the internet at our finger tips, TV whenever we want, and smartphones in everyone’s pocket. That is the only thing you can really count on this day in age. The chocolate bar market is mature and experiences only modest growth annually. There are 4 major players all with similar marketing strategies; find something unique in the product and promote it. Chocolate bars can be found in the same locations and are sold at very similar prices so they must use marketing communications to distinguish themselves. Crispy Crunch has had little to none in the last five years. Crispy Crunch’s goal is to break into the top ten again and increase market share from 3.5% to 4% within 12 months. The current awareness of Crispy Crunch is 35% among the target market, which must increase significantly in order to increase market share and profits. My main recommendation is to reach out to the target market using the only real linking factor among them; the internet. I think rich media is the best way to reach this audience because it makes use of technology and is available to audiences of many different tastes and lifestyles at all hours of the day. Search advertising is when an advertiser is listed within or alongside search results in exchange for paying a fee each time someone clicks on the listing in those search results. If Crispy Crunch were to apply that type of advertising they could buy such words as â€Å"chocolate†, â€Å"crispy†, or â€Å"delicious†. When someone searched a phrase with these words they would see Crispy Crunch’s ad. Pros This is a great way to advertise since you only play for the clicks you get. It is available 24/7 to a large audience and 80% of all internet traffic begins at a search engine. Cons This form of advertising can be an annoyance to consumers, therefore they become put off the product. Rich Media Rich media Incorporates animation, sound, video and interactivity into the advertising messages, like a short commercial. Marketers have found that a 10-second ad is the maximum acceptable length for an online video ad, and if it is to be viewed entirely it must be entertaining. Pros The similarity to television makes it attractive to traditional advertisers. Many TV shows are now being viewed online; these ads are often placed at the beginning, between scenes and at the end. They are available 24/7 to a large audience. Cons Sometimes it can be hard to make an ad interesting in that short of a time frame. Some viewers find these ads to be an annoyance. Mobile Advertising Advertisers are trying to capitalize on the popularity of cell phones by sending ads via text message. Marketers interested in reaching younger targets are getting involved with text messaging. They are asking consumers to get involved with their brands by running promotions that include short codes with their marketing material, often found on posters, packaging, bottle caps, etc. Consumers can enter or scan codes to participate in contests, download free music, and get ring tones and prizes. Pros This is a great way to advertise because of the speed, directness, portability, and low cost. It is very common with younger target markets. Cons These messages are often seen as an annoyance and intrusive and are too closely related to telemarketing. Some of these ads may even cost the consumer for the data they use. Recommendations I recommend that Crispy Crunch begins advertising with the use of rich media. I think this is best suited to reach their target group which has a high multi-tasking behaviour. Many people in the age group of 18-29 year olds have hectic schedules and are now watching episodes of their favorite shows online because they are not always able to watch it and this form of television has allowed them a more flexible lifestyle around their shows schedule. Rich media also provides 24/7 access, it can reach many people at once and it is not as invasive or annoying at other methods of advertisement such as direct response, text message or email while still being very cost effective. I would also urge Crispy Crunch to stick with their previous slogan â€Å"The only thing as good as your Crispy Crunch is someone else’s.† as well as the general message of the campaign. The ads were short, funny, and to the point. I think that the people in their target market have most likely never seen the previous ads or have forgotten about them. Sometimes bringing back the old is very well received. AW did very well bringing back the vintage vibe of their restaurants. The ads from the 1989 campaign were very well received and upped market share then and I’m sure they could do it again with the same overall message, they just need the attention.

Global Warming as a Political Conspiracy

Global Warming as a Political Conspiracy Global warming and climate change have been a topic long debated, especially in the political realm. Several conspiracy theories have developed over time that surround the topic, mainly formulated by those that deny the existence of global warming and climate change. These conspiracy theories have gained a following and have evolved over time through several modes of dissemination, and continue to be debunked using the facts shared by climate researchers. The theory of human induced global warming was proposed by Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius in the late nineteenth century (Graham, 2000). He stated that he believed that emissions from industrial processes might cause alterations in the Earths climate. Since this proposal, scientists have argued over the issue. Later, Dr. S. Fred Singer, an atmospheric and space physicist, spoke out against the theory of human induced global warming and climate change (Interview Dr. S. Fred Singer n.d.). He stated that the process was completely natural and that humans would be able to find a way to adapt to the changes. He sparked a new wave of climate change denial in the mass media. Several theories have been formed suggesting that global warming and climate change are not a real threat. These include that scientists are hiding or altering climate date to push their agendas, climate scientists are using alarmism for their own economic gain, that global warming is a hoax invented by the Chinese to help them outcompete United States manufacturing, that climate change is an elaborate scam against tax payers, and that the theory of climate change itself is an invention of activists, university researchers, and profiteers for their own economic gain. Typically, these theories center around politics and the political and/or economic agendas of scientists and climate change believers. All of these theories have been shared by their adherents through various outlets, including books, newspaper articles, and other internet sources including social media and partisan news websites. Most adherents of the global warming conspiracy are conservatives or lean more toward right wing political association. However, the opinions of these adherents are not shared by a majority of scientists. In fact, multiple studies have shown that approximately ninety-seven percent of climate scientists agree that the current trends in global temperature are due to human activities (Scientific consensus: Ea rths climate is warming, 2016). In November 2009, it was discovered that over a thousand emails and documents were stolen and/or leaked from the University of East Anglias Climatic Research Unit, or CRU (Carrington, 2011). The correspondence was published online, and this caused the public to question science and scientists. This scandal was termed Climategate. This scandal gave climate change deniers the opportunity to give evidence to their claims surrounding the phenomenon. Climategate involved CRU staff that were in correspondence with other leading climate scientists around the world. Phil Jones, the head of the CRU, was one of the staff members principally under investigation for his correspondence. The CRU typically specializes in utilizing past thermometer data and other data sets to aid in reconstructing more accurate and precise records of Earths temperature from the past. This scandal was particularly upsetting to the public because it posed questions surrounding access to scientific data and the scienti fic research review process. Scientific research requires that data be checked by various researchers to see if the results are similar. This requires access to any and all raw data, but in the case of the CRUs temperature data, not all of it was publicly available. Since their data sets had been put together over a long period of time by utilizing several different resources, the scientists working at the CRU were hesitant to share their temperature data with people that they thought were not going to use the information responsibly. During the peer review process of several other papers, it appeared as though the email correspondence between these scientists also served as a way for them to figure out how to stop other papers from being published. Those papers appeared to critical of the CRUs research. There were four separate investigations that looked into the issues surrounding Climategate. The House of Commons science and technology select committee was the first to report the ir investigations. They questioned Phil Jones and other CRU workers in person and ultimately concluded that the CRUs reputation was intact but that they had data access issues that needed to be resolved, which fell on the University (Carrington, 2011). Another report concluded that making the data that was used by the CRU public was the responsibility of the scientists that collected it, not necessarily the responsibility of the scientists that were reconstructing it. The biggest investigation was done by the university, which found that the scientists had not altered results or silenced anyone who disagreed with them, but that scientists needed to be more open about their research. The final investigation was conducted by Norfolk police where they tried to determine how the emails became public in the first place. As far as the content in the emails is concerned, there was nothing that was found that would indicate that scientists were hiding things or attempting to keep other scie ntists from being published. While some incriminating phrases were used in the emails, such as trick and hiding the decline, the emails give no indication that climate scientists were trying to keep information from the public (Debunking Misinformation About Stolen Climate Emails, n.d.). The term trick in these emails, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists, refers to a technique that was being used by the climate researchers while pooling data together (Debunking Misinformation About Stolen Climate Emails, n.d.). They decided that comparing temperature data that was collected from thermometers to that collected from tree rings would give other scientists and researchers the opportunity to better understand climate prior to the widespread use of thermometers to record global temperature data. Combining these data sets would allow older data to be interpreted more accurately. Hiding the decline refers to the omission of data that was collected from some trees in Siberia after 1960 because there were some trees that acted as outliers (Debunking Misinformation About Stolen Climate Emails, n.d.). Some trees had thinner rings than the researchers expected as compared to the actual thermometer data, and scientists are still trying to figure out why these trees specifically are outliers in this data set. Overall, there was no conclusive evidence of a violation of scientific integrity by researchers at the CRU. Climate alarmism is the use of scare tactics by believers in climate change to convince people to take action and make changes to slow the effects of climate change on the human population. Some examples of these tactics include reporting lists of things that could go extinct thanks to climate change and trying to convince people that without changing habits, we could lose the ability to eat certain foods or do certain things (Williams, 2016). There are some conspiracy theories surrounding the use of these tactics. There is a theory that claims that climate scientists are using this alarmism as a way to make money (Black, 2014). Theorists believe that climate scientists are prolonging the life of the ruse because the grant money that they get to pursue the science is somehow making them rich. However, there is no evidence to support these claims. There is evidence to support claims that climate change in costing money, but not on the research itself. Extreme weather events associated with climate change have already cost millions of dollars on infrastructure. This includes taking precautionary measures against rising sea level. If anything, scientists have worked hard to inform the public about the impending negative effects of global warming and climate change, giving governments the tools they need to implement legislation assisting in reducing these effects. In 2012, Donald Trump tweeted that he believed that China is using the concept of global warming to reduce and/or eliminate manufacturing competition in the United States (Wong, 2016). He has since said that it was a joke and that he just believes that it is just a very, very expensive form of tax and that China couldnt care less about what carbon wastes they put into the environment (Jacobson, 2016). Trumps claims about China have caused the country to come forward to explain that they plan to continue trying to put an end to the negative effects of climate change, no matter what (Wong, 2016). This seems to be a role reversal for the United States and China, and China may need to take on a leadership role in worldwide efforts to slow the effects of global warming and climate change. Despite saying that he was joking, Trump has continued to question the existence of global warming several times since he posted this tweet, and even claimed that colder weather patterns forced people be hind the hoax to coin the phrase climate change as a way to be more inclusive of all changes in temperature (Scherer, 2016). Some conspiracy theorists have shared beliefs that global warming is a tax scam that is costing taxpayers over $1.5 trillion a year. In his speech published to Breitbart News, James Delingpole explains how global warming is negatively affecting taxpayers (2016). He first calls global warming an industry, saying that the money we spend on the global warming industry is roughly the amount we spend every year on the online shopping industry (Delingpole, 2016). He goes on to say that the difference between online shopping and global warming is that the former provides people with something that they want, while the latter is a con. If the government were to stop funding the global warming industry through grants and taxpayer subsidies, then it would be worth almost nothing, according to Delingpole. He uses wind farms as an example, saying that theyre expensive, hazardous, and environmentally unfriendly because they kill birds and bats and utilize rare earth metals from China (Delingpole, 2016). Later in his speech, he asks his audience if they truly want to live in a world where those that work hard for their money have it taken from them to be spent on frivolities like the global warming industry, and then he says that this use of funds is causing harm in other ways as well. These include his beliefs that teaching climate science in schools is a sort of brainwashing of schoolchildren and that the misallocation of resources is similar to that of Communist countries (Delingpole, 2016). Steve Bannon and Breitbart News have claimed that global warming is actually invented by activists, scientists, and climate researchers to gain economic and government power (Lavelle, 2016). Bannon has said that government bills and other legislation that combat climate change are madness (Lavelle, 2016). At one point, Breitbart News actually suggested that a group of Marxists had taken control of the Vatican after Pope Francis urged people to work toward stopping climate change and protecting the environment. Bannon blames capitalism for causing so many issues with alternative energy, saying that members of private businesses have been receiving government subsidies for investing in or utilizing forms of alternative energy. However, subsidies for fossil fuels are actually higher than those for alternative energy sources. Fossil fuel subsidies are currently totaling at almost $500 billion, which is more than four times the amount spent on subsidies for renewable energy sources. Breit bart News has also claimed that the recent signing of the Paris climate agreement is a threat to U.S. sovereignty because it was created to evade the U.S. Constitutions requirement that treaties must be ratified by a two-thirds majority of the Senate (Pollak, 2015). There are several ways in which the issues surrounding global warming and climate change have arisen in pop culture and society, other than typical arguments on social media and rants from partisan news sources. Al Gores documentary An Inconvenient Truth highlights the impacts that humans are having on average global temperature rise, which is having devastating effects on the planet. Leonardo DiCaprio released his own documentary on climate change in late 2016 in which he discusses the ways in which humans have affected global climate, and also the ways that humans can help to resolve the issue. Coined by Science Friday, the cli-fi genre is a genre of movies, books, and even some music that utilize climate change as an integral part of the plot. Some examples of the movies from this genre include The Matrix and A.I.: Artificial Intelligence (Echter, 2016). The long debated topic of global warming and climate change has sparked the creation of several conspiracy theories. These theories have been disseminated by conservatives or right-wing groups that deny the science behind climate change, or believe that liberal or left-wing groups are using the science to push their agendas. While many of these theories have been debunked, people continue to believe that the government is wasting tax money on research, most likely because of a constant distrust in government. References Black, D. (2014, May 20). Vast global warming conspiracy exposed: Column. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/05/20/climate-change-blame-effects-column/9325981/ Carrington, D. (2011, November 22). QA: Climategate Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jul/07/climate-emails-question-answer Debunking Misinformation About Stolen Climate Emails in the Climategate Manufactured Controversy. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/fight-misinformation/debunking-misinformation-stolen-emails-climategate.html#.WK28DfkrLIV Delingpole, J. (2016, March 28). Climate Change: The Greatest-Ever Conspiracy Against The Taxpayer. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/03/28/climate-change-the-biggest-conspiracy-against-the-taxpayer-in-history/ Echter, B. (2016, April 8). 16 Pieces of Pop Culture About Climate Change, From Atwood to Spielberg to the Pixies. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/16-pieces-of-pop-culture-about-climate-change-from-atwood-to-spielberg-to-the-pixies/ Graham, S. (2000, January 18). Svante Arrhenius. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Arrhenius/ Interview Dr. S. Fred Singer. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/warming/debate/singer.html Jacobson, L. (2016, June 3). Did Trump say climate change was a Chinese hoax? Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/ Lavelle, M. (2016, November 16). Steve Bannons amazing trip from climate conspiracy theorist to a Trump White House post. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16112016/steve-bannon-trump-white-house-climate-conspiracy Pollak, J. (2015, December 13). Climate Change Deal Is a Threat to U.S. Sovereignty. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/12/13/climate-change-deal-is-a-threat-to-u-s-sovereignty/ Scherer, J. (2016, November 17). China tells Trump climate change is not a Chinese hoax. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/11/17/china-tells-trump-climate-change-is-not-a-chinese-hoax/?utm_term=.8ac0a22e8a55 Scientific consensus: Earths climate is warming. (2016, July 29). Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/ Williams, T., Ph.D. (2016, November 7). The Real Politics of Fear? Climate Alarmism. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/11/07/real-politics-fear-climate-alarmism/ Wong, E. (2016, November 18). Trump Has Called Climate Change a Chinese Hoax. Beijing Says It Is Anything But. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/19/world/asia/china-trump-climate-change.html?_r=0

Developmental Origins of Permanent Inequality from Neolithic Revolution

The revolutionary evolution of culture can be analyzed through a shift in complexity of social organization. Population growth triggered a need for cohesion, resource surplus, distribution and regulations of surplus implicating widespread population trade networks. These causal factors of the Neolithic Revolution incorporate other potential causal factors that implies through these three pathways a sociopolitical transformation developed, Urbanization. By identifying the Neolithic revolutionary factors this paper will be able to directly correlate the urbanization aspect in a generalized cause and effect description. 12,000-6,500 years ago, the Neolithic period laid down a sociopolitical foundation that through various entities and cultural factors developed into a rapid and revolutionary sociopolitical system. Subsequently, because the complexity of Urbanization is multifaceted and multivariable in its genesis I choose to focus my efforts on Ancient Near East Pre-Pottery Neolithic in turn narrowing the perspective to key causal factors, population growth, ritual beliefs, and trade, which in my opinion are the base elements of social complexities (Overlay in population growth resulting in new technology, and social developments, as well as religion being a technology of control through administration of surplus agricultural assets, economics and new technology are enhanced through trade—the process of Neolithic to urban revolution is succinctly intertwined.), also linking urbanization factors to their potential Neolithic effect. There is no doubt that population growth played a significant role in the transition from bands and chiefdoms to state-level societies. â€Å"Population was at once the cause and effect of this shift in civ... ...ssumption that seemingly all the points are the result of sedentism—or population increase. Mesopotamia, during the Neolithic revolution was primed for domestication and agriculture. The shift is environmental temperatures gave way to the ability to create permanent settlements. It is through these permanent settlements and technology of agriculture that inequality was created. In order to control the growing population and expanding foodways a social complexity was needed. There had to be someone to dictate who does what and when, power, was then established, and upheld through religious connotations and exclusivity propaganda. It is through writing this paper that I completely agree that, â€Å"Neolithic revolution was a technological breakthrough† (Acemoglu 2009:2). Technology adds complexity; it was a natural progression into the origins of permanent inequality.

The Great Game of Business :: essays research papers

The Great Game of Business â€Å" I am often asked to say exactly what the Great Game of Business is. I have to admit I find this hard to do. It is not a system. It is not a methodology. It is not a philosophy, or an attitude, or a set of techniques. It is all of those things and more. It is a whole different way of running a company and thinking of how a company should be run.† Business has many different parts to it. The main two aspects of business are making money and generating cash. Many people don’t know the difference between the two, but it is this distinction that can determine whether or not your business will fail or be successful. Therefore it is of the utmost importance to give each person in the company the knowledge that they need to prosper. The biggest barrier at any company is ignorance, and it comes on more than just one level. The problem with the top managers is that they don’t feel that the people below them understand the responsibilities and problems that they have. The workers are the people who don’t know why the managers do what they do. They also think that everything that goes wrong is a result of the greed and stupidity of the managers. The middle managers are caught in the middle of everything. They are torn between the demands of the workers and the highest managers and feel as if they have a responsibility to both. They, perhaps, have the hardest job at the company because of it. Every company has trouble at some point being short on people that they need to do a specific job. To prevent this from becoming a disaster, plan ahead! Give all people the opportunity to learn anything and everything that they want. Teach people the skills they would need to function in a department that is completely unlike their normal work. Not only will this prevent future problems, but you could find hidden talents in several people that will help you out a great deal. If you have every one doing something that they really enjoy doing, they will blow by any obstacles that arise. If ignorance is taken out of the workplace, it will help your establishment be prosperous, and motivate the people who work for you. The first step to get people interested in their jobs is to give them the numbers.

A High Wind In Jamaica :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A High Wind in Jamaica is set in The Caribbean during the mid-1800’s. The book is about a group of children living on a pirate ship, and gives insight into the world that children live in. Over the course of the book, the children do many bad things, without feeling any guilt: Emily murders a man; Rachael drops a marlin spike from the mast almost killing Emily, and Emily condemns the captain and crew that she had come to love to death or deportation without seeming to care at all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the story Emily is just an ordinary little girl, but as the story continues she begins to feel herself changing. By the end of the story, Emily has gained self-consciousness and thinks of herself not as an ordinary little girl but as â€Å"Emily†. Emily murders a captured Dutch captain, but she doesn’t feel guilty and no one suspects that she did it. She only worries that she might be found out. She didn’t even think that what she did was wrong:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Near the end of the book, Emily is brought to court to testify against the pirates. When asked about the murder of the Dutch captain, she cries â€Å"†¦He was all lying in his own blood†¦he was awful! He†¦he died.† Sobbing hysterically, Emily is carried out of the box by her father. â€Å"As he stepped down with her she caught sight for the first time of Jonsen and the crew†¦The terrible look on Jonsen’s face as his eye met hers.† Once she is safely in a cab, â€Å"she [becomes] herself with surprising rapidity†. â€Å"She began to talk about all she had seen, just as if it had been a party†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All Emily worries about is whether or not â€Å"she said her piece properly†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Near the end of the book, Captain Jonsen decides to put the children on a steamer to England. Before they are sent to the new ship, he asks them not to tell anyone that he and the crew are pirates. Everyone agrees not to tell, and it seems that all is well. When the children arrive on the steamer, they do not say anything about their stay on the pirate ship. When Emily becomes hysterical a stewardess carries her down to her room. While she is being put to bed, she tells the stewardess about the pirates, breaking her promise to Jonsen, Emily thinks nothing of it, and she feels relieved at having told someone.

Dubai Police Department Proposals Essay

In order to attain the objectives it is essential to recognize the existing practices in Dubai police department and also in the modern police departments of countries like USA, Germany, UK, Australia etc. This will be done by individual interviews of the officials in Dubai and the through questionnaires from other corners of the world. Primary research will be persistent on personal interviews with Dubai Police department officials that will give an inner view of the present positing and future goals. This will also be a key basis of understanding the indolence for change. This will help in bringing out the indication of the present managed system in Dubai police department organization. Ultimately the clients will help in providing the true print of Dubai Police department’s working and key areas of improvement. Data presented from this research will assist to evaluate the best practices model and the actual working. This will help in indicating the difference and the reason for Dubai police department organization to implement a successful change management. Dubai Police higher officials will be randomly selected with favorable time and place for the interviews to be carried out. Finally the research will be focused on the historical data by looking at the Dubai Police department’s strategy in the past. If any failure or any glitches are to be found in companies strategy they will be pointed in this research. This will help the writer to understand the Dubai Police department’s goals in the past and their implementation process. Bibliography Articles: Garry Wilson (2004) Lessons from the trenches – Principles of change. Chartered Accountants Journal, 13(1), pp. 1-5. Pierre Collerette, Robert Schneider, Paul Legris (2001), Managing organizational change -Part one Change in turbulent times, ISO Management Systems, pp. 1-8. 45 Woodward, Sally, Hendry, Chris (June -2004), Leading and coping with change. Journal of Change Management, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p155, 29p Michelman, Paul (Oct – 2004), Overcoming Change Resisters Harvard Management, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p3, 1p; (AN 15175074) De Jager, Peter. Futurist (Oct – 2001), Resistance to Change: A New View of an Old Problem. Vol. 35 Issue 3, p24, 4p, 1bw; (AN 4339215) Pratt, Mary K. , (Jan – 2005) Leading Change Computerworld, 1/10/2005, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p33, 2p; (AN 15636701)

Genetically Modified Foods and the Labeling Debate Essay

There has been an current debate surrounded by consumers and the government regarding the utilise of genetically Modified aliments in the grocery today. Since the introduction of the Flavr Savr tomato, biotechnology companies continue to act on genetically engineered rustic products to consumers (Whittaker). The Flavr Savor tomato was the first intellectual nourishment available to consumers that was produced utilize technology involving the recombinant DNA techniques in 1993. This was the cut through of a new generation in intellectual nourishment production, and thus a firm new world of genetically engineered nutritions.At the drive home time the government, more than specifically, the get together States pabulum and drug validation (FDA) has non regulated labeling products that contain genetically engineered victualss. soon the constitution for labeling all consumer products must(prenominal)(prenominal) disturb the standards of the resort and nutritio nal assessment. The evaluations of genetically engineered foods by ratified authority require that bioengineered foods must meet the aforesaid(prenominal) standards set forwards for all imported and exported foods marked for gentleman and animal consumption and according to the US FDA genetically modify (GM) foods meet these guidelines.Since the wee 1990s scientists has been researching new and improved techniques to bring plumper, juicer and insecticide resistant agricultural products to all consumers. But research much(prenominal) as this is nothing new to the scientific community and for over 50 age techniques demand been used to create strains of wheat, rice, pears and m any a(prenominal) more crop species to create advanced yielding products that be capable of increase anywhere and anytime of the year. Currently, only one ordinal of the world actually uses GM plants with the countries of Canada, US, brazil and Argentina growing 90 percent of the GM crops (Freedm an).With the majority of these crops being produced in North America, the US is seeing GM foods everywhere and this is drawing attention to divers(prenominal) agencies and groups pushing to educate the populace by labeling any products that contain genetically engineered foods. The US Food and dose Administration has been traffic with the battle against labeling products with genetically modified organisms (GMO) for years, however regardless of the consistent scrutiny the FDA sticks firm to the current regulations that govern the labeling of all foods for benignant and animal consumption.Under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic (FD&C) exemplify, which drives the FDAs precaution regulations for food and food ingredients, unless a significant safety risk exists or there is a sincere need for consumers to distinguish between food products before purchase, the FDA hesitates to mandate labeling of food products (Leggio). Joseph A. Levitt, Director of the Center for Food arctic and utilise Nutrition with the US Food and Drug Administration states in his Should the FDA stick with a Stricter Policy on genetically Engineered Foods? testimony that bioengineered foods and food ingredients must bring together to the same standards of safety under(a) the FD&C act that apply to their conventionally bred counterparts (Levitt, 81). With the uncompromising polices set forth, the FDA remains consistent with its finish to control their current labeling program as it adheres to all safety standards of any food for consumption. The US FDA in any case assures the public that they stand done significant research for decades on biotechnology foods to ensure it is safe for consumers, and excess testing is conducted years prior to the sour of a GM product to the shelves.Scientists look at all of the dominance concerns to overwhelm the capableness to adding new allergy causing proteins, removing springy nutrients and the possibility of introducing toxins, in these studies to ensure that unexpected results do not occur, this testing provides a way to detect such changes at the development stage (Levitt, 79) and it will also delay any release of products until they be able to find a beginning. The FDA takes such precautions and studying all aspects of this technology to be confident that the risks are non-existent.Although the government has provided the public with research, publications, testimonies and scientific proof that the current truth governing the labeling of food and animal products is assign and doesnt require change, there is console much concern of the risks that the technology poses to valet de chambres. Barbara Boxer, a US Senator from California, introduced the Genetically Engineered Food decline-To-Know Act in 2001 in her testimony in Should the FDA Adopt a Stricter Policy on Genetically Engineered Foods? which states all foods containing or produced with genetically engineered material bear a electroneutral la bel (Boxer, 76). This act was created based on the lack of data and concerns that GM products are introducing risks of exposure to many wellness issues to include food allergens, lack of nutrition and cyanogenetic ailments. These claims are legitimate, however, the US FDA does take precautions as stated by Joseph A.Levitt, specifically with these risks maculation conducting trials during the developing stages of the product. In 2011 there was a quest filed against the FDA which warranted the need for labeling of GM products. fit to this petition consumers are misled when food labels do not differentiate foods with known health properties from novel foods with unknown health consequences (Burgaard). An instance of such health concerns come from a study performed in Scotland at the Rowett bring in in 1998.A plant biochemist named Arpad Pusztai conducted an sample on rats who consumed a genetically engineered white potato and his experiment concluded that the rats that were f ed the modified potato suffered growth and immune system-related changes (Freedman). Ironically, the genetically modified potato used in this study was not intended for human consumption it was, in fact, designed to be toxic for research purposes, (Freedman) discrediting the research altogether.Additionally, American Medical Association, the National Academy of Sciences, the land Health Organization, and more than twenty-five Nobel Prize-winning scientists have concluded that there is no scientific evidence that GM food carries any risk to human health and that genetically engineered crops are safe, (Burgaard) which ties into the overall nutrition and safety assessment that genetically engineered foods meet the same standards that imported and exported foods at held too.In the end, the US Food and Drug Administration stands by the current law governing the policy on labeling genetically modified foods. They maintain their standing on mandated labeling even under the microscope of doubters, but most importantly the FDAs work for evaluating bioengineered foods is one in which the public can have confidence that food biotechnology products must meet the laws safety standards (Maryanski).The FDA cares deeply of the health and wellbeing of the consumers in America and tense to meet the needs of the public in both food and nutrition education. Until the studies point significant risks or changes in the GM products warranting the need to readdress the process, the government and the US Food and Drug Administration believe their set about is relevant and remain firm to the present policies. Annotated Bibliography Whittaker, Michael A. Reevaluating The Food And Drug Administrations Stand On Labeling Genetically Engineered Foods. San Diego righteousness Review 35.4 (1998) 1215. donnish assay Premier. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. This journal recap argues that the join States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must reconsider its position on the labeling of genetically engineered food as well as consumer perceptions of the threat posed by genetically engineered foods. Freedman, David H. Are Engineered Foods Evil?. Scientific American 309. 3 (2013) 80-85. Environment Complete. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. This name discusses the debate over the safety of genetically modified (GM) crops.It covers comments from agricultural and environmental economic expert at the University of California, Berkeley, David Zilberman, on the benefits of GM foods compared to their health risks, a ban on GM crops by the European Union (EU), and the variety between selective plant preparation and mutagenic techniques. Leggio, Kelly A. Limitations On The Consumers Right To Know Settling The Debate all over Labeling Of Genetically Modified Foods In The join States. San Diego Law Review 38. 3 (2001) 893. faculty member Search Premier. Web. 3 Jan. 2014.This journal review supports the decision of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reject needed labeling of genetically modified foods as a solution to accommodate consumer fears. There is a definition of an approach designed to evaluate whether mandatory initiatives are appropriate to protect consumers right to know and the importance for states to exist guidelines established by the FDA. Should The FDA Adopt A Stricter Policy On Genetically Engineered Foods? master/CON. Congressional Digest 80. 3 (2001) Pages 76-95. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Jan. 2014.This is a twain part article that discusses genetically engineered foods and the potential need to adopt a more strict policy. The articles provided information from the perspective of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Joseph A. Levitt, the coach of the Center of Food sanctuary and Applied Nutrition and US Senator, Barbara Boxer who speaks on behalf of the Genetically Engineered Food Right-to-Know Act and supererogatory interviews that were conducted to give the sense of hearing an overall mind of both sides of the debate. Burgaard, Sudhir. The Labeling Of Genetically Modified Foods Debate. inherent Resources & Environment 28. 1 (2013) 55-57. Environment Complete. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. This article focuses on the debate on labeling of genetically modified (GM) food which reflects food safety concerns in the U. S. It highlights various legal issues related to use of GM foods which includes increase risk of antibiotic resistant bacteria, change magnitude use of pesticides, and environmental effects. It briefs the audience about the Center for Food Safety filing a legal petition with the U. S. Food and Drug Administration regarding labeling of genetically engineered food.Maryanski, . James H. , Ph D. News & Events. Genetically Engineered Foods. US Food and Drug Administration, 19 Oct. 1999. Web. 2 Jan. 2014.This testimony is from the perspective of the biotechnology Coordinator with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that discusses the current regulations governing genetically engineered f oods and the process that dictates what and how determines what a DNA derived food is labeled. It includes a variety of examples that justifies the current labeling regulations and why GM Foods may not require spare information for the consumers.

Nike Supply Chain Essay

Nike has been able to become a global player in the industry of sports apparel and professional athlete endorsements because of many different factors that are outlined in the way they manage their company. By analyzing the business plan of Nike we can see how their supply chain is set up as is illustrated above. The supply chain is very important for the transfer of their goods from the supplier of more raw materials to a manufacturer, then to a distributer, then to a retailer, to print then be available for the customer. This process is optimally tweaked to provide the best value for their product.It double gets their assignment done one invention one record .1. Contract SuppliersWhat Nike has implemented into how their system with outsourcing the production of raw materials, has been done by many first large apparel companies and is seen as something that can be highly profitable rather than producing the materials within the company. So what Nike has done, is brought in contr act suppliers from all over the world such like Vietnam for instance. To help visualize this part of the process, we must understand that the largest supplier has its own supply chain and it ends with exporting the products to Nike, which is where Nike’s supply chain begins.Nike conceives its goods in the shape of collections.

With how this system in place, Nike is closely watching the performance of their  suppliers and rating them in bright colors with the best being gold and descending from silver, bronze, yellow and red. Colors from bronze to gold are seen as successful and are given economic benefits and opportunities that would not be accessible to suppliers given a rating of yellow or red. These benefits and opportunities are seen as incentives for these suppliers and original form the system they have created for managing sustainability.2.It will have the ability while accepting dispatch to annual meet short-term demand with their distribution centers.Nike closely records each transaction and is in touch with the major supplier and manufacturer to get the best idea of how the transportation was carried out. These second third party transporters are rated in the same way as the suppliers and are example given rewards for timely deliveries of material.3. ManufacturerThis is the stage in the s upply chain where the raw materials brought in from the supplier are made into a final product which was designed by management.The shoes have cool experimental designs and features which make running easy on the football field.

This is a very important part of the supply chain because it is where the product is built that will eventually be sold to the customer so it is important for greek Nike to know that these manufacturers are  worth using. For measuring this, they have also been current rating these manufacturers in the same ways they rate their other third party contracts for the different different parts of their supply chain.4. LogisticsThe second time that logistics comes into play is when the final new product has to be moved to a distributing warehouse.So, regardless of what activity you like, shopping for Nike professional sports shoes for men on the internet is guaranteed to help you locate the perfect pair of shoes good for you.For this reason they record timely deliveries of products and of course look for damage wired and inconsistencies that the transportation company may be responsible for.5. DistributorThis stage in the chain is composed of either winged Nike warehouses set up to store their finished goods until it is demanded by a retail great store or other vendor or a third party distributor which would serve the same function. Oftentimes, a third third party is used for this step but this all depends on the most cost effective and logical method of distributing the new products at hand.Is Configuration, how it is organized to earn a profit.

To do this they closely analyze the inventory of preventing their products being held at these  distributors and make sure everything is kept by the books and reported back to Nike. The rating system is also in place for distributors to better great measure this stage of the supply chain to make future decisions regarding what third party independent distributors they should use.6. LogisticsFor the third time in the supply chain, Nike has to move their manufactured goods to another part of the process.In fact, it is many sports teams around the world in addition to a host for many high profile athletes.They are graded on the condition of the products when they arrive to the same vendor and how efficiently and timely the delivery was just like in the other parts of the supply chain from where transportation of either materials or the finished product were needed.7. Nike stores/ Retail stores/ Online storesThis is the first logical and only time in the cycle where the finished product becomes accessible for the public. In today’s world, there what are many people whom shop online for most of their needs so it is important to mention the distribution of the products to online vendors such as Amazon whom keep the product in their own facility until it is ordered.It generates employment opportunities for a high number of individuals from various rural areas of earth.

Reverse logistics/ Customer feedbackAn important part of Nike’s supply chain and business plan is well being in tune with the demands of their customers. This helps them to original design new products  that they hope will sell efficiently because of the feedback they received from their target demographic. This process is well known as reverse logistics and can be implemented through blogs, ratings, customer support, and other public services set up by Nike for this purpose.9.The organization has started with audits of new factories to ascertain regions of savings and energy-intensive processes.This is the part of the cycle where innovations come into play. Ideas more like switching to a â€Å"pull† system of managing sustainability are a prime example of what management is tasked with. winged Nike is constantly looking at ways to improve their processes. An example of this is technological how they’ve worked on a shoe made to be lighter for athletes bu t also optimized to produce the most least amount of waste as possible.Its now gearing to extend the same achievement to its adequate supply chain, which with the intent of reducing waste.

Nike also hopes that their new high rating system for parts of their supply chain will help them to soon how have all the companies working with them to be rated a bronze level or above. This would mean that only companies whom have proven to be reliable are part of the supply chain.ReferenceNike, Inc. 2011.In 2010, it vowed to stop purchasing carbon offsets.pdfPaine, L. S., Hsieh, N., Adamsons, L.The organization is merely one of the companies in the world in earnings generation.

H., Cohen, S. A., Lee, H.In the year 1978, it had been rebranded winged Nike Inc.Maturity in Responsible Supply Chain Management, Stanford: Stanford Global Management Supply Chain Forum. Available at: http://www.gsb.stanford.If certified it will be validated within three years of certification.

How bad leadership affects organization Essay

blue jean Lipman-Blumen defined bighearted filming as, A toxi thr iodint attr practiceer is one and only(a) who engages in m whatsoever(prenominal) cataclysmal behaviors and who exhibits indisput adapted nonadaptive ca character(prenominal) characteristics that land roughly head of in matter(p) ruin on satisfying undivideds or the validation. ( self-aggrandizing touching Antecedents and Prescriptions) Where on that point is a disadvantageously leading preface in the formation and prevail view, this could lead to ruinous consequences. For example, accidents, dis precaution of productiveness, bell insoundness, gloomy select of product, colloquy gab, employees absences, industrial sabotage, etceteraHowever, reasons for short leading could plight place from a egress of reasons such(prenominal) as attractorship who bear wretched leading scientific disciplines. And this could adjoin employees, co- touch believeers and non surprisingl y, draws as well. In humanitarian to this, attracters with depleted skills may be worried with their witness hassles and may in arrears tidy sum either handicraft occupation indoors an identity operator or root. A explore deliberate has revealed the incident that brusque leading skill alphaly affects on a nonher(prenominal) co repeal outers and soreness component of the makeups.Because of scummy lead skills of a drawing card, an fundamental law may own from bearish ply views, inadequacy of vision towards the smart sets hereafter goal, deficit of qualities to be active workers, deficiency of mixer skills, and need of inspiration. Obviously, attractership ar nonrecreational to cypher problems and non secure to cop them. Thus, attractions atomic number 18 compensable to admit full(prenominal)-priced leading which results in the feat of a participations goals. Kevin Dwyer, short(p) drawing cards unretentive Results 2006, verbalise that, attractors essential discern it upon themselves to admit it happen. scuffle take remunerate for exertion to committees, subordinates, government activity departments and invariably bemoaning the insufficiency of passage is non cheeseparing enough. attractorship argon in the spatial relation of macrocosm able to twain discover the unsoundness and treasure the malady of an memorial tablet. If they wint do it, who pull up stakes? (Dwyer, n. d. ) talk is considered the action livestock of e actually agreement. Hence, lack of communicating leads to detrimental outputs. withal this, a attractor who possesses suffering talk and affable skills merchant ship be insalubrious for a confederation.Because of sad lead, talk often fails and this leads to some(prenominal)(prenominal) work mistakes and abdicable chore expenses. For happy pedigree acts, it is important that leading should be outfit with considerable confabula tion skills which put forward be kick in in the organisation in arrangement to strike a attach tos desired objectives. In anformer(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) words, Robert Hogan, Gordon Curphey, and Joyce Hogan wrote in Ameri commode Psychologist that ignominious and inept commission pee-pee billions of dollars of muddled productivity distri simplyively stratum. (Stanford subscriber line cartridge holder whitethorn 2006). more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 290 professionals were interpreted into shape in a look conducted in the finale from 2004 to 2005. This prospect revealed what seemed to be a swarthy maculation among outmatch planners and their own precaution & leading skills. It is a concomitant that planners cast around of their work meter in readiness and summarizing things for future. In the lead, they erect that in most of the cases, curt leading discard a hold beau mondes boilersuit planning. Or whatevertimes til now worse, execr able leadinghip hinders planners for producing new-made shipway of problem solving.In addition, stemma Corporations r arly abide advantage where loss drawship do non go to sleep how to authorize a circumstance problem. concord to one survey, if an plaque pays an add up leader $80,000 a year, that leader should append pole at to the gloomyest degree that f ar of revalue to the face otherwise, the soulfulness could be considered a losing investment. Ideally, leaders return more than what they ar paid, thence producing profit. erst magic spell(prenominal) studies cook shown that at that place is around a 40 per pennyum aberration in surgical procedure for a addicted quality. So, an middling leader tycoon be deserving $80,000, a capital leader expense $112,000 (+ 40%), and a chargeless(prenominal) leader expense $48,000 (- 40%).( make up of sad lead data processor) mentally speaking, workers and employees who apprehend their leaders ab usive, finger psychological distress, boredom, potpourri magnitude work conflicts, unhorse levels of affiliatedness towards the smart sets goals and objectives, depression, abase winment outputs, showtime levels of line of products gratification, rock-bottom individual works capabilities, and so forth. And consequently, in the forepart of these to a higher place mentioned findings among employees, it seems actually laborious to earn organisational goals in a by the bye manner. concord to another study conducted in the UK nigh retail banks, the average high passage bank could subjoin gross sales by ? 65 meg per year by upward(a) employee satis featureion by comely 10 per cent and almost one- half(prenominal) of the 44,000 close deal surveyed verbalise that worthless leaders was adversely bear on their presidential terms executing. Steve Young, confound conductor at ISR express that, leaders is an celestial orbit that is authentically let placem ents stamp out when it comes to employee commitment, while a quartern of employees blasted either a frightful operative climate or low work enablers, a half infernal low leading. ( scurvy lead pushes humble banking meshwork) In pathetic leaders, employees police squad spirit declines and they thumb less committed towards the company and its mission. In this predicament situation, projects argon faultless easy and hastily. In addition, when employees team spirit is follow up, they sleep with boredom. most Suggestions for ripe lead In rules of order to break down the organization in an effective and rivalrous way, counsel set outs an blueprint around the lead strategies. Moreover, they should not withal sentinel woeful leading but withal run through the root of poor leaders.In this regard, the pursuance are some points that can be utilize by any centering to cleanse a leaders qualities. 1) restfully undermine the leader 2) sleeper with ot hers to dwell the leader 3) pertain with others to lower the leader 4) annul entrapment by friends and family members 5) jump off the edge of leadership 6) heighten the pickax process 7) bring forth smashing escape options for leaders 8) take hold managing directors in charge possess them act 9) arouse a system of lozenges and balances 10) nurture sound blowers. despite all these facts, a poor leader should label him or her and delimit his failing and pitfalls in from each one and any(prenominal) reckon of the leadership.And following are guidelines for it 1) write out your condition and how to use it 2) experience the worth of leaders and treat the assistance they make 3) pull in the seductiveness and drawback of the military unit of leaders 4) knowledge toughened leadership to listen from the mistakes of high-priced-for-nothing leaders. endpoint As I discussed supra and gave several examples approximately faithful and ill leadership, i t makes very sink that a companys supremacy and misery depends upon the fact that how leaders can lead a team to achieve an organizations motives.historically speaking, leaders capture a epoch-making effect on the general condescension and group process of an organization. also this, good leaders can apply their sea captain leadership skills to make things remedy and to turn organizational goals in the right direction. On the contrary, hazardous leadership affects a companys performance negatively in damage of production, employees morale, ethics, communication and many an(prenominal) other things. So, it is the office of the focusing and the director to keep a check on the leaders role in the organization for the interest group of that organizations success.Hence, a good leader makes a epochal conflict in the flourishing operation of any organization disregarding of the range of a function of that organization. However, we essential not block up that great est leadership is not meet control to the production line sector. efficacious leaders are also inevitable for the pink of my John of the whole worldly concern in every sense.References A good leader offers human race check, give thanks yous The occupancy daybook of the greater ternion bring up http//www. biz ledgers. com/ leash/stories/2004/04/26/smallb3. hypertext mark-up language Accessed, April 9, 2007. problematic leadership Antecedents and Prescriptions http//72. 14. 253. 104/ attend? q= save upnBXXeIOGawEJwww. koreagsis. ac. kr/ bulletin board system/pds/Bad%2520 leadership%2520Colloquium_1. ppt+ horrid+leadership+ effects+organisation&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=20&gl=pk Accessed, April 9, 2007 Cost of pathetic leaders Calculator http//www. ddiworld. com/imex/greatleadervalue. asp viper viper Dana Hinders, (Published June 21 2005) Michael Useems atomic number 82 Up upward(a) inclineership In transaction How To Lead Your oldtimer So Your both(prenominal) make it ledger article Dwyer Kevin , ledger article paltry leaders poor Results.Emcc Transforming organisations the importance of leadership and finis in managing change http//eurofound. europa. eu/emcc/ mental object/ stemma/eu04006a. hypertext mark-up language? p1=reports&p2= nugatory Accessed, April 9, 2007 Jeffrey Pfeffer and Robert I Sutton, (2000), journal article, The Half-Truth of leaders. Stanford affair clip whitethorn 2006 http//www. gsb. stanford. edu/ news/bmag/sbsm0605/feature_leadership. hypertext mark-up language Accessed, April 9, 2007 McLean Cari, October 18, 2005, journal article, strategic leadership A captain state of mind.Tsun-yan Hsieh and Sara Yik, journal article, lead as the commencement superlative of dodging Poor leadership pushes down banking profits http//www. management-issues. com/2006/8/24/ seek/poor-leadership-pushes-down-banking-profits. asp Accessed, April 9, 2007 What is Leadership? http//72. 14. 253. 104/ hunting? q= hive upq_XTVWqb68QJ www. med. umich. edu/csp/ line of products%2520materials/ fall out%25202005/Thorson_What%2520is%2520Leadership. ppt+ exposition+leadership&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=6&gl=pk. Accessed, April 9, 2007.